Should Euthanasia Be Allowed free essay sample

Should euthanasia be allowed? Euthanasia (from the Greek: meaning good death: , eu (well or good) + , thanatos (death)) refers to the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering. Euthanasia should be and not should be allowed. It is ending a person’s pain and suffering, and if it’s the person’s decision to not live anymore, why not it is a sin to force people to live longer then they wanted. Unlike murder, euthanasia is not an act of violence. In an editorial in the Cleveland Plain Dealer, Dr. Eric Chevlen mentions that the courts have decided that the right to die should be made available to everyone (11B). Modern medical technology has allowed doctors to prolong life past the point of a patients natural death. In the case of euthanasia, the doctor needs to end suffering from cancer or AIDS and assist the patient to die comfortably. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Euthanasia Be Allowed? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Patients are beginning to assert their right to die rather than being kept alive forcibly. For example, a Texan who suffered burns in a gas explosion, Dan Cowart wanted to die even though he survived the accident. He believes that his rights were violated by the doctors who prevented his death through life- sustaining treatment (From Daily Mail). So euthanasia is actually not murdering people. It is ending a person’s life happily because we don’t want to see them suffering in this world, it is should not be illegal because we ‘help’ this person to end their pain. It is not an act of killing or violence. Human beings have the right to die when and how they want to. In cases where there are no dependants who might exert pressure one way or the other, the right of the individual to choose should be paramount. So long as the patient is lucid, and his or her intent is clear beyond doubt, there need be no further questions. The Independent, March 2002 From the quote, it is true that people, us, have our own decisions whether to die or not. We are owners of our body. We can decide what we want to do with it, good or bad depending on us. So if the person wants to be euthanized, and their decision is clear and beyond doubt, the person should be euthanize as he/she wishes. Keeping people alive costs a lot of money, which could be used to save other peoples lives. a survey of Welsh hospitals in Wales, 96 patients were identified who had been continuously resident for between 4 months and 20 years; they were aged between 15 and 65 years on admission. The commonest causes for such admissions were cerebrovascular accidents, trauma and diabetes. Suitable facilities for the long-term care and rehabilitation of such severely disabled young people are very limited in Wales. We can spend the money to sav e this people. Why spend all this money trying to save who can’t be save, instead we can use it for people that need it more. It is burdening our beloved ones, to see us being sick or in a coma without being cured. Karen Ann Quinlan, in 1975, after consuming alcohol and tranquilizers at a party, Quinlan collapsed into an irreversible coma that left her unable to breathe without a respirator or eat without a feeding tube. Her parents asked that she be removed from the respirator, but her doctors objected. The New Jersey Supreme Court case that followed was the first to bring the issue of euthanasia into the public eye. In 1976 the court allowed Quinlan’s parents to have the respirator removed. Although Quinlan lived for another nine years (www. e-notes. com). Quinlan parents are burdening to see her laying on the hospital, in a coma, even after 9 years she didn’t wake up. So why not just die when we know she’ll never wake up, and why wasting time for 9 years when we know he/she will never wake up, why not just euthanize so he/she can end their life, and they’re already half-dead too. People have the rights to choose whether they want to die or not. They say that our bodies are our own, and we should be allowed to do what we want with them. So its wrong to make anyone live longer than they want. In fact making people go on living when they dont want to violates their personal freedom and human rights. It’s immoral; to force people to continue living in suffering and pain. So euthanasia should not be illegal. pls take full credits if youre using my essay 😉 twitter @AimeeJsminee

The American Red Cross strateg essays

The American Red Cross strateg essays I will be using the American Red Cross. The American Red Cross, founded in 1881 by Clara Barton, is an independent organization supported by the American people through donations of time, money, and blood. Approximately 1.2 million people volunteer for the Red Cross, which makes up 90% of their work force.1 The American Red Cross is also non-profit organization that is committed to saving lives and easing suffering. This diverse organization serves humanity and helps people by providing relief to victims of disaster, both locally and globally. The Red Cross gives health and safety training to the public and provides emergency social services to the U.S. Military members and their families. The American Red Cross has been saving lives by providing health and safety education classes. Red Cross training ranges from First Aid, CPR from HIV/AIDS education to care giving programs like Babysitters. The American Red Cross is structured in a unique way. There is the National Red Cross and then there are local chapters that are independent to a certain degree. It is setup like a franchise business, in that a local chapter must obey the overall rules of the company, yet have some discretion on how to operate, which include raising it own operating cash. The local chapter must raise it own funds and from that send in a set amount to the national office. Each chapter is run by it own Board of Directors, which is made up of local community leaders. I will be using the Prince William Chapter of the American Red Cross, which has been serving the local area for the past 85 years. They offer 24-hour disaster relief, armed forces emergency services for members of the military and their loved ones, international tracing services and health safety courses. The chapter has a staff of five-paid employee that over see the daily operations, and over a 100 volunteers who help sever the community. ...

Accounting for Carbon

INTRODUCTION This article describes the impact of using various methods to calculate carbon emissions. This article briefly introduces the Kyoto Protocol. Then that involves accounting issues surrounding the carbon. The starting point to solve is to calculate carbon credits and free quota and then calculate debt. After considering current carbon accounting practices such as the International Financial Reporting Interpretation Committee Act No. 3, the net debt approach, approval of government subsidies, several other issues must be considered . Carbon accounts are listed as one of three Alipay accounts along with cash accounts and credit accounts to measure the user's low carbon activity. Ant Financials believes that the future of finance is green finance and we are committed to making the carbon account a global carbon measurement, trading and sharing platform. Carbon dioxide emissions from individuals, countries, or organizations can be measured by implementing greenhouse gas emissi ons estimates or other computational activities expressed as carbon calculations. Once you know the size of the carbon footprint, for example, through strategies to reduce it through technical development, process and product management improvements, green public or private procurement (GPP) changes, carbon recovery, consumption strategies, carbon offset, etc. You can design. . There are several free online carbon footprint calculators, including publicly available peer-reviewed data and computing support, such as the University of California, Berkeley's CoolClimate Network Research Alliance and CarbonStory. These sites are asking for answers to more or less detailed questions about meals, transportation, family size, shopping and entertainment activities, electricity consumption, heating, and heavy machinery such as dryers and refrigerators. The first step is to measure the carbon footprint of the company. But before you escape you will have to do some reading and start adding numb ers. So-called carbon accounting - There is a specific rule for carbon dioxide equivalent to corporate emissions, whether it is a national state, whether it is a company or an individual - the habit of measuring it. Let's see an example. Imagine your company selling widgets at Amazon provided by delivery company UPS. When someone buys one of your gadgets, the carbon used to deliver it is burned by your company, Amazon, UPS, or end user? It is difficult to say intuitively, but from the viewpoint of common sense, you can see that all parties are involved in different degrees.

You are an accountant in a medium-sized manufacturing company Research Paper

You are an accountant in a medium-sized manufacturing company - Research Paper Example Accruals are revenues already recognized, but no drawn cash or recorded cash such as rent, salaries and taxes in an industry. Estimates are a class of adjusting entries which occurs when the actual particulars of an expense is not easily determined such as an entry for wayward debt. Inventory is an adjusting entry since in an inventory system which is periodic; the adjusting entry helps in determining the outlay of goods sold expense. In a computerized system, these entries would first be characterized into prepayments and accruals then define expenses into prepaid expenses and accrued expenses while the revenues would fall into unearned revenue and accrued revenues (Warren, Reeve & Duchac, 2012). This would be necessary since the computer system only understands systemic information. Some of the ethical issues arising from these manufacturing entries as seen in the studies of Gilbertson & Lehman (2009) include honesty. This is where the person delegated the duty of recording the entries, is necessary to demonstrate honesty when recording the particulars to avoid errors, and misappropriations during in the final books of accounts since it would amount to fraud which is

Mastring Management 4330 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mastring Management 4330 - Assignment Example The management team is normally on the ground, and therefore; may have their new ideas and plans, which they may want incorporated. Hence, leaving out the managers in strategy and plan formulation will result in the new ideas and plans not implemented in a timely manner. Persuasion is one of the power and influence strengths that I will bring in the new company. The use of reason allows other employees in the company to see why the new proposed ideas make sense. Consequently, this will determine whether the ideas will be implemented in a timely manner or not. In cases whereby the ideas will not be implemented, the use of intimidation will become necessary. Since the managers still report to their former line managers, it is important that managers adjust to the new authority. In addition, applying pressure on the management team will increase productivity and reduce absenteeism (300). Introducing an open door policy increases the interaction between the subordinates, management and the vice president. In turn, as the vice president, I will know what is happening on the ground, which is important in decision making and increasing power and influence. In the case of absenteeism on the production floor, the retribution strategy will be effective. The managers on the production floor have a close connection with their subordinates, which prevent them from taking any action on their absenteeism. This has led to decrease in productivity. Putting pressure on the manager responsible, threatening him with sacking, will make him act on the absenteeism. Reciprocity strategy will be effective in tackling the issue of decreased productivity. Offering incentives and rewards will motivate both the managers and employees to meet their set targets. Successful implementation of the new ideas, strategies and plans will require the managers to understand them. Using the reason strategy, the values and set targets and achievements

British Poetry Essay Example for Free

British Poetry Essay The comparison and contrast of Wilfred Owens and Rupert Brookes approaches to the subject of war The Soldier by Rupert Brooke and Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen were both written during world war one. War and death are the themes of both poems but they are written from different perspectives. The two poets take different approaches in portraying the effect that war has on the people involved. The Soldier by Rupert Brooke idealises and glorifies war while Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen highlights the horror and cruelty of war. Wilfred Owen gives the reader the impression that war is horrible and that dying for one’s country is not all the glory and honour that it seems, and that in reality, dying in a war, no matter for what cause, can be both painful and full of suffering, while Rupert Brooke, on the other hand, gives the reader the impression that dying in war for one’s country, is very honourable, and glorious. In ‘Soldier’, Brooke expresses his love for England and how he believes it is right to fight and die for his country. However, Brooke never knew what war was like, as he died in 1915. Therefore, his poem is very idealistic. This is expressed when he writes, â€Å"†¦ there is a corner of a foreign field that is forever England†. Here, he sees the English soldiers’ bodies as parts of England. If they die on foreign soil, that land will be forever part of England because their soul remains there along with their values and love for England. Brooke does not describe the horrible nature of death in war and only tells how the soldier honors England by dying while defending the nation. He evokes positive feelings toward the war and describes optimistically the soldiers’ thoughts once the war has finished by using words like â€Å"happy dreams† and â€Å"laughter† By contrast, Wilfred Owen uses irony to portray war not as a glorious duty but as a barbaric massacre. â€Å"Dulce et decorum est/ pro patri mori† which mean: â€Å"it is sweet and honorable to die for one‘s country†. He considers this a lie for most soldiers after they see and live the reality of the war as soldiers. War can not be called sweet but horrible. Owen opposes to the idea of fighting in a war. Wilfred Owen focuses on the tragedy of war and the conditions of the soldiers. For example, he depicts the soldiers as â€Å"Bent double, like old beggars under sacks†. Generally, one thinks of a soldier as a man full of strength, who looks brave with his uniform and marches confidently to war. In contrast, Owen tries to make the soldiers look like penniless men and gives a sense of their non-glorified reality. Their uniforms, their psychological and physical health are destroyed. That shows how the battle has severely damaged the spirits of the soldiers. As can be easily seen, Brooke’s poem supports fighting for one’s country and patriotism, whereas Owen’s poem questions the reasons for fighting a war.

The facts of eating Poop!!!!!!!! :: essays research papers

The Facts of Eating PooP Have you ever wondered what it would do to you if you ever ate your poop or someone elses. Chances are you will die a day or two after eating poop. According to the national scientists organization where they test on collage students who are looking for quick money say that after their first thirteen sets of tests they began to realize that their test subjects also refered as humen lab mice say that eating poop has a very negative effect on your body. The effects range from eating stomick worms to death. So the nationa scientists organization reconmends that humans never ever ever ever eat any type of poop and when i sayu type i mean type because animal feces has a just as worse effect on the human and mice body as well. We know it has a bad effect on mice because all the mice that were forced to eat the various types of human and animal fecces/ poop died exactly 1 hour after ingesting the nasty poop.A case has been made where a mother of a son who participated in this very stupid an d dumb experiment died went to court and the mother lost acording to the libertysos lastanes news paper in a forbineded island. The mother did not win due to the document signed bt the sun saying that he aggreed that whatever happend to him during the test was his own fault and guess what the foolish boy actualy signed that document.But unfourtunetly the the lab mice can noat be used for any experiments because th e court said it was bad bad bad bad bad real bad animal crualty i mean they have to pay the apet store of which they owe it millions and trillion and a bazillion dollars. Ha look what you broght on your self you are freaky cowards . I meani expect kids to do animal cruelty but adults who aactualy know the law . or atleast they are supposed to know how very foolish. hehe you who evererer everer is readin this is very foolish to read this because this is a foolish paper and me myself am very real foolish to write this at all but you wanna know what else is also realy foolish it is foolish that my foolish teacher gave me a very foolish grade and its real foolish that the bag boy had to tripple bag the ice-cream.

Alibaba: Competing in China and Beyond Essay

Introduction In this report I will examine the case â€Å"Alibaba: Competing in China and Beyond.† Alibaba under the leadership of Jack Ma, its founder has transformed into one of the most successful e-commerce companies in China. In the 2000s Alibaba had emerged as the largest e-commerce company in China. The company tailored its strategies to meet the needs of the customers and made a mark because of its understanding of the Chinese language and culture. However, some experts have also raised doubts over the sustainability of Alibaba’s business model. In my report I will critically analyze the factors that led to Alibaba sustaining its leadership position in the Chinese e-commerce market. I will Discuss the rationale behind Ma establishing Taobao.com. I will examine the factors that led to Taoboa’s success in the Chinese online auctions market. Furthermore, with Baidu’s entry into the e-commerce market, I will discuss the challenges that Alibaba faces with regard to sustaining its position in the growing e-commerce market in China. Finally I will critically examine Alibaba’s business model, possibilities of global expansion and the overall sustainability of the company. Questions 1. One of the most significant factors that lead Alibaba Group sustaining its leadership positioning in the Chinese e-commerce market was its ability to understand the Chinese market itself. Jack Ma, Alibaba Groups founder understood that Chinese consumers and their preferences distinguished them selves from those in other countries. Other companies such as eBay did not appreciate the local market circumstances in China; instead, they were using the strategies that were working in the United States. I believe for this reason Alibaba Group was able to sustain its leadership position. Many of the competitors lacked understanding of the Chinese language as well as the culture. Moreover, Alibaba.com made its services extremely easy for its customers to use. Ma, himself, was a non-technical person and this helped him keep the websites more user-friendly. In the article Ma refers to this stating: (Deresky, 2010). â€Å"If you follow Google’s way, you always be a follower†¦ We have to make the Yahoo! Search engine more human, more interactive†¦ something for the 1.3 billion people in China who aren’t technology-oriented, who don’t know how to ask the right question to a search engine — for people who are like me.† (p.320) An added factor is the services that Alibaba.com offered. The company believed that the first thing to do was to build a devoted customer base. Therefore, before adding any charges, a lot of the services were free of charge. Alibaba.com offered many services such as email and listings of products/services free of charge. In addition, e-commerce was vulnerable due to the fact that sellers and buyers did not trust the idea of sending money before receiving their products and the sellers wanted the money before they shipped their products. For these purposes, Alibaba.com launched Alipay in 2004, which was an online payment solution that allowed the users to make money transactions in an easy, quick and safe way. All and all Alibaba.com basically concentrated greatly on increasing costumer satisfaction even on the expense of not gaining maximum profitability. The company made its customer and getting to know what customers want its number one. Question 2. Jack Ma established Taobao.com in May 2003 to enter the profitable e-commerce market. Taobao.com also symbolized a part of Ma’s Alibaba.com business model of joining SMEs, customers together, and helping SMEs grow. Taoboa’s goal was to generate an online trading platform for both B2C and C2C models. Several factors lead to Taoboa’s success over the rival eBay in the Chinese auctions market. First, Ma managed to raise a substantial investment of 56 million dollars from Softbank and teamed up with Masayoshi Son the founder and CEO of Softbank who had previously helped to defeat eBay in Japan (which lead to eBay leaving Japan in 2002). Also again Ma decided to build a loyal customer base before really attempting to make a profit; he did this by offering free listings as opposed to eBay, which charged for listings (Deresky, 2010). A major factors in Taoboa’s success was Alibaba Groups better management of the trust factor involved in e-commerce trading and better understanding of the local Chinese market. eBbay positioned its standard business model that was used in the United States and other countries. Taoboa, instead, established its own payment escrow service. With AliPay buyers paid into an escrow account that did not pay the seller until the buyer noted he had received the product; therefore, making the transaction thrust worthy since the money was in escrow until the transaction was completed (Deresky, 2010). Furthermore, Taoboa offered e-mail and chat services between users unlike eBay, which concealed identities and only had an offline messaging system. Taoboa also advertised aggressively through websites and billboards in major population areas something eBay did not do. The final steps of defeat for eBay was when Taobao offered three years of free listings and when Taoboa launched its B2C services in 2006. Moreover Taoboa had a large list of companies supporting it and also Alibaba.com members that could join easily. Overall Taoboa’s success over eBay has been attributed its ability to know the local Chinese market and adapt to it as opposed to eBay’s strategies of using a inefficient model that could not adapt to the Chinese market (Deresky, 2010). However, now Taoboa is facing competition from a company that knows the Chinese market very well. Taoboa’s main competitor Baidu, is the largest search engine market share holder in China. Baidu has a large, loyal customer base to work with and has ability to advertise and link its own ecommerce website. Taoboa will have many challenges facing the competition from Baidu. Never the less Alibaba Groups strong and evident presence in the Chinese e-comercial market signifies the company’s ability overtake its competitors by combining all services and maintaining the user-friendliness of its services in B2B, C2C and B2C markets. Question 3. Absolutely it is sustainable. As Alibaba Group now further develops and expands its various web services, it must also additionally develop the various products within each website. Alibaba Group should have one department focusing one website development aspect and another department focusing on product development aspect. The company can still capitalize on his legacy sites that have millions of monthly subscribers. The intention for the company should be to find a way to raise the monthly run rate on each customer on a yearly basis, this would allow Alibaba Group to use these profits to fund the company’s efforts to expand. In my opinion Alibaba Group should focus on moving into Russia first, using their political ties to their advantage. Russia has many raw materials but few factory centers like China. If they could move into Russia, this would effectively provide geographical access to the Middle East and Northern Europe in the future. However, after Russia, I would mainly focus on expanding through Southeast Asia all the way down to Australia. This would fundamentally provide an ecommerce solution that can link B2B, C2C, B2C, sales across the entire Eastern part of the world. Conclusion After reading the case and answering to the questions it seems like the case is too good to be true. Even though Jack Ma had proven his capability of  being a good leader and business man it is impressive how he started from scratch and was able to gather good people around him and develop this successful multinational company. I truly believe that Ma’s and Alibab Groups key to success were the founder people in the company. Overall I see Alibaba Groups story as a big success. It is truly a inspirational story. In the words of Ma’s business partner Masayoshi Son: (Deresky, 2010). â€Å"If there’s a company outside of America that can introduce a new business model to the world, it is Alibaba.† (Founder and CEO of Softbank Corporation, in Japan 2005.) Reference: Deresky, H (2010). International Management: Managing Across Borders and Cultures. 7th ed. Pearson Boston. 310-322.

Proposal For Water Heating and Conservation Essay

Thank you very much for your interest in our consultancy firm. It is great to know that you have a wonderful property at hand, but still recognize the need to make it even more special for yourself, and hence are considering a consultation. It would a great privilege to work with you on this project. Statement of the Problem To begin with, it would be prudent to identify and recognize the problem that we are in a capacity to solve for you. While some real estate owners consider handing over their entire set of construction related woes to a single firm, in today’s specialized and competitive times, it is best to go to a particular domain specialist for particular needs. In this case, it is impractical to think that a single agency can do everything. Our expertise is in water heating and water conservation, and that does form a vital and prominent part of your overall home condition. It is important to note here that the house is more than 100 years old, and hence the water tanks, piping and water heating have possibly deteriorated and need immediate attention. Their further negligence could have serious consequences. Also, as apparent from your letter, water conservation seems be also an issue with the house. The information you give regarding toilets, tanks, washing machines and showers all give an indication that you can have a more water conserved living. These are the main problems that we can help you with. Background of the Problem The most important thing to note is that the house is more than 100 years ago, and that is a defining aspect of the overall construction. Also, it seems like the original construction has not been modified or renovated and this is the main reason that heating and water conservation are likely to have been affected. There have been a lot of changes in the previous century related to developing newer and better techniques for water heating and conservation, and we will keep these in mind. Also, a growing concern in the past few years has been global warming, and as responsible citizens we all need to ensure that your ecological footprints are kept to a minimum. And the fact of the matter is that effective water heating and conservation of water forms an integral part of this. This is thus an area that needs quick attention. Overall, looking at the background of the problem, we would like to offer you tailor made solutions which will leverage current installations and also be cost effective for you, given your constraints. We intend to look for materials that provide the right quality at the right price. Let us articulate the various options that you can consider for this aspect of your home. Water Heating and Water Conservation Options The market today offers a plethora of options, and you can choose what you would like to go with, and that too when, depending on your preference and also the funds at your disposal at any given time. Some of the most popular ones are: a) Rainwater Harvesting The most simple and also the most effective method for water conservation is that of rainwater harvesting. Rainwater harvesting is an ideal option to utilize water that is from the environment itself and can easily be a part of your daily water requirements. Right from your gardening needs, to household water usage, to even more advanced uses can all be met using rainwater harvesting. The best part of this technique is that it is simple and requires collection and storage devices, and subsequently devices on efficiently utilize the water that has been retained. We can provide you with customized rainwater harvesting solutions, and design systems for collection, storage and also for a great utilization plan. Since you have slanted roofs, we can customize mechanisms to suit your needs. b) Water Efficiency From the information that you have given regarding water usage devices, there is definitely a scope for modifications and replacements. For example, the toilets with six single liter flushes need to be replaced, and we have a number of options that you can consider. The 0.8 gallon extra efficient toilet is one. It not only looks sleek and elegant, but will also greatly reduce your overall water usage. In terms of showers, conventional showers usually end up wasting a lot of water, and also are sometimes not able to give you the desired flow you need. We intend revamping these as well, and putting in their place new smart showers that give you more and also use less water. The various option here are the hand shower, or the telephone shower, which is attractive and through a cord allows you to focus on particular areas of your body, and thus cuts down on water usage. We also intend putting a aperture showerhead since this has a triangular showerhead, which thus helps it distribute water more evenly and hence also give you an enhanced showering experience. c) Solar Heating Solar heating is perfect for your house to cater to the heating requirements. As mentioned by you, there is currently no heating in both attic and basement, and if you intend to convert the basement into a self contained apartment, then it will need to have water heating in place as well. We can install an extremely effective photo voltaic roofing system which will ensure that you are able to tap into the sun to get hot water as and when required. We suggest you do away with the radiator heating system, and also upgrade from the old electric heating tank. d) Building Integrated Water Heating We can also offer you integrated water heating solutions that will tap solar energy and using conduction techniques, we can provide heating solutions to all parts of the house. Through regular heat transfer methods, this heat that is collected can be used to meet your water heating needs. In order to have a better idea of your specific requirements, and also give you a cost estimation of the changes we propose, we would like to visit your property at a convenient date and time for you. Once again, we thank you for considering our services. Should you have any more questions, please feel free to contact us. We are ready to assist you in all your home improvement needs.

The Creation of Britain’s Welfare State

The Creation of Britain’s Welfare State Before World War 2, Britains welfare - such as payments to support the sick - was overwhelmingly provided by private, volunteer institutions. But a change in outlook during the war allowed Britain to construct a Welfare State after the war: a country where the government provided a comprehensive welfare system to support everyone in their time of need. It remains largely in place today. Welfare Before the Twentieth Century In the twentieth century, Britain put into effect the modern Welfare State. However, the history of social welfare in Britain did not begin in this era, as people had spent centuries reforming how to deal with the sick, the poor, the unemployed and other people struggling with poverty. Churches and parishes had emerged from the medieval period with the leading role in caring for the disadvantaged, and Elizabethan poor laws clarified and reinforced the role of the parish. As the industrial revolution transformed Britain - as populations grew, gathered in expanding urban areas, and took up new jobs in ever increasing numbers - so the system to support people also evolved, sometimes with government laws once again clarifying efforts, setting contribution levels and providing care, but frequently thanks to charities and independently run bodies. Despite reformers trying to explain the reality of the situation, easy and mistaken judgments of the disadvantaged continued to be widespread, with poverty often being attributed to idleness or poor behavior rather than socio-economic factors, and there was no over-riding belief that the state should run its own system of universal welfare. People who wanted to help, or needed help, thus had to turn to the volunteer sector. These created a vast voluntary network, with mutual societies and friendly societies providing insurance and support. This has been called a mixed welfare economy, as it was a mixture of state and private initiatives. Some parts of this system included the workhouses, places where people would find work and shelter, but at a level so basic they would be encouraged to seek outside work to better themselves. On the other end of the modern compassion scale, you had bodies set up by professions such as miners, into which they paid insurance and which protected them from accident or illness. 20th Century Welfare Before Beveridge The origins of the modern Welfare State in Britain are often dated to 1906, when Herbert Asquith and the Liberal party gained a landslide victory and entered government. They would go on to introduce welfare reforms, but they did not campaign on a platform of doing so; in fact, they avoided the issue. But soon their politicians were making changes to Britain because there was pressure building to act. Britain was a rich, world leading nation, but if you looked you could easily find people who were not just poor, but actually living below the poverty line. The pressure to act and unify Britain into one mass of secure people and counter the feared division of Britain into two opposed halves (some people felt this had already happened), was summed up by Will Crooks, a Labour MP who said in 1908 Here in a country rich beyond description there are people poor beyond description. The early twentieth century reforms included a means-tested pension, non-contributory, pension for people over seventy (the Old Age Pensions Act), as well as the National Insurance Act of 1911 which provided health insurance. Under this system, the friendly societies and other bodies continued to run the healthcare institutions, but the government organized the payments in and out. Insurance was the key idea behind this, as there was reluctance among the Liberals over raising income taxes to pay for the system. (Its worth noting that German Chancellor Bismarck took a similar insurance over direct tax route in Germany.) The Liberals faced opposition, but Lloyd George managed to persuade the nation. Other reforms followed in the inter-war period, such as the Widows, Orphans, and Old Age Contributory Pensions Act of 1925. But these were making changes to the old system, tacking on new parts, and as unemployment and then depression strained the welfare apparatus, people began to look for other, far larger scale, measures, which would ditch the idea of the deserving and undeserving poor completely. The Beveridge Report In 1941, with World War 2 raging and no victory in sight, Churchill still felt able to order a commission to investigate how to rebuild the nation after the war. This included a committee which would span multiple government departments and would investigate the nations welfare systems and recommend improvements. Economist, Liberal politician and employment expert William Beveridge was made the chairman of this commission. Beveridge was an ambitious man, and he came back on December 1st, 1942 with The Beveridge Report (or Social Insurance and Allied Services as it was officially known). His involvement had been so great his fellows had decided to sign it with just his signature. In terms of Britains social fabric, this is arguably the most important document of the twentieth century. Published just after the first major Allied victories, and tapping into this hope, Beveridge made a raft of recommendations for transforming British society and ending want. He wanted cradle to the grave security (while he did not invent this term, it was perfect), and although the ideas were rarely new, more a synthesis, they were published and accepted so widely by an interested British public as to make them an intrinsic part of what the British were fighting for: win the war, reform the nation. Beveridges Welfare State was the first officially proposed, fully integrated system of welfare (although the name was by then a decade old). This reform was to be targeted. Beveridge identified five giants on the road to reconstruction that would have to be beaten: poverty, disease, ignorance, squalor, and idleness. He argued these could be solved with a state-run insurance system, and in contrast to the schemes of previous centuries, a minimum level of life would be established that was not extreme or punishing the sick for not being able to work. The solution was a welfare state with social security, a national health service, free education for all children, council-built and run housing, and full employment. The key idea was that everyone who worked would pay a sum to the government for as long as they worked, and in return would have access to government aid for the unemployed, ill, retired or widowed, and extra payments to aid those pushed to the limit by children. The use of universal insurance removed the means test from the welfare system, a disliked - some may prefer hated - pre-war way of determining who should receive relief. In fact, Beveridge didnt expect government expenditure to rise, because of the insurance payments coming in, and he expected people to still save money and do the best for themselves, very much in the thinking of the British liberal tradition. The individual remained, but the State provided the returns on your insurance. Beveridge envisaged this in a capitalist system: this was not communism. The Modern Welfare State In the dying days of World War 2, Britain voted for a new government, and the campaigning of the Labour government brought them into power (Beveridge wasnt elected.) All the main parties were in favor of the reforms, as Labour had campaigned for them and promoted them as a just reward for the war effort, they commenced, and a series of acts and laws were passed. These included the National Insurance Act in 1945, creating compulsory contributions from employees and relief for unemployment, death, sickness, and retirement; the Family Allowances Act providing payments for large families; the Industrial Injuries Act of 1946 providing a boost for people harmed at work; Aneurin Bevans 1948 National Health Act, which created a universal, free for all social healthcare system; the 1948 National Assistance Act to help all in need. The 1944 Education act covered the teaching of children, more acts provided Council Housing, and reconstruction began to eat into unemployment. The vast network of volunteer welfare services merged into the new government system. As the acts of 1948 are seen as key, this year is often called the start of Britains modern Welfare State. Evolution The Welfare State was not forced; in fact, it was widely welcomed by a nation which had largely demanded it after the war. Once the Welfare State was created it continued to evolve over time, partly due to the changing economic circumstances in Britain, but partly due to the political ideology of the parties which moved in and out of power. The general consensus of the forties, fifties, and sixties began to change in the late seventies, when Margaret Thatcher and the Conservatives began a series of reforms regarding the size of the government. They wanted fewer taxes, less spending, and so a change in welfare, but equally were faced with a welfare system that was starting to become unsustainable and top heavy. There were thus cuts and changes and private initiatives began to grow in importance, starting a debate over the role of the state in welfare which continued through to the election of the Tories under David Cameron in 2010, when a Big Society with a return to a mixed welfare e conomy was touted.

Racism In Football (Soccer) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Racism In Football (Soccer) - Essay Example Such an understanding is not only important for those who love or those who are a part of the game but also for those who are students of sociology, popular culture, and even human resource management. The literature on the topic is quite varied and ranges from academic studies made of the salaries given to various players along with their race and individual performance to reports of racism given by players who have been in the field for many years. For example, Moran (2000) presents an article which discusses the presence of racism in football despite the prevalence of anti-racist initiatives within the game. He does this by presenting evidence in relation to himself and others who have faced racism. He also gives the various challenges which black players have to face due to the presence of racist behaviour and suggests that there are different forms of racism against players (Moran, 2000). His ideas of economic and salary based discrimination is supported by the study done by Szymanski (2000) who is an economist at Imperial College. This study came to the result that football clubs have discriminated against black players in more ways than one. The comparison of the salaries of black players with white players is certainly an indicator of that. Clubs are also shown to undervalue their black players even though the performance of black players is better than what their wages get them. Clubs such as Scunthorpe United and Preston North End are two of the main culprits in this regard (Szymanski, 2000). Of course the problem is not only limited to black players since British Asian footballers also face the issue of discrimination against them at the professional level. Burdsey (2004) examines the ways in which British Asian footballers perceive racism as a factor which influences their under-representation in the professional leagues. He argues that problems of

Recommendation report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Recommendation report - Essay Example Another important concept is that of saving and maintaining face. Losing face has negative consequences one’s reputation. To avoid losing face, Singaporeans publicly control their behavior and emotions. They do not criticize others openly and do use plenty of non-verbal communication. Sometimes, it is just as important to save the face of others one’s own group among Singaporeans. Nevertheless, being aware of such idiosyncrasies will keep you abreast of those without this knowledge. Singaporeans often rely upon facial expression, tone of voice, and posture to communicate feelings (Warnstam, 2007). They tend to communicate subtly or implicitly. For example, instead of saying â€Å"no,† they may just say, â€Å"I will try.† Silence also communicates. For example, a pause before response to a question means the respondent has given appropriate thought to his or her response. Furthermore, intense eye contact with a senior person is a sign of disrespect. These are just some of the more important cultural realities to keep in mind while doing business in Singapore. Most of these will help make doing business less confusing for both you and your counterparts. Personal relationships are the cornerstone of business relationships in Singapore (Kwintessential, 2004). Once recognized as part of a group, you will be accepted and expected to obey group standards.   Nevertheless, relationships take time. Be patient to demonstrate Nothing Ventured is there for long-term gains. Make appointments at least two weeks in advance when possible. Arrive at meetings on time. Punctuality is a virtue. Make small talk before business discussions, and make presentations complete with charts, figures, and resources. These things show Singaporeans you are committed to the business relationships you are building and that you are not fly-by-night. Business cards hold specific behavior mores. Business cards are